Türk medeni usul hukukunun yüz yıllık tarihi

Abstract

T.C. Adalet Bakanlığının “Cebri İcra Kanunu” adı altında yeni bir icra ve iflas hukuku düzenlemesinin hazırlanmasına ilişkin olup yedi yıldır süren çalışmaları, tam da Cumhuriyetimizin 100.Yılını idrak etmekte olduğumuz bir dönemde bitme aşamasına geldiğinden, icra ve iflas hukukunun 100 yıllık bu dönemdeki serüvenini özellikle değişiklikler düzeyinde ve kısaca incelemek, bu süre zarfında katedilen yolu ve icra ve iflas hukukunun maruz kaldığı ve onu içinden çıkılamaz bir “labirentler” hukuku haline getiren “travmaları” göstermek bakımından faydalı olacaktır.

Modernization in the field of law in Turkey began simultaneously with the rest of Europe before the Republic Reforms. The establishment of commercial courts coincided with 1840 and first Civil Procedure Code came into force in 1879, by way of reception from 1806 French Civil Procedure Code. The transfer of the Court of Cassation from Istanbul to Samsun during the War of Independence is a remarkable event. After the proclamation of the Republic, the first significant changes in the field of civil procedure law were made in 1924 with the “May 1 Judicial Revolution” Courts of appeal and sharia courts were abolished. In 1925, the preparation of the law, which had been carried out for a long time with the aim of reception of the German law of procedure was abandoned and a new procedural law based on the Civil Procedure Code of the Neuchâtel Canton of Switzerland was made. Since 1948, various commissions have been established to completely change this law and seven different drafts have been created. The last bill prepared following these drafts came into force in 2011 under the name of “Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu””; the law dated 1927 has been repealed. Our new Civil Procedure Code was created by the Academic Commission appointed by the Ministry of Justice, taking into account the scholarly and judicial jurisprudence accumulated until 2011 and the draft national Civil Procedure Code, which at that time was being prepared in Switzerland. The new code has been applied without any radical changes since the date it came into force.